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粮食问题研究[ISSN:1003-2576/CN:51-1058/F]

卷:

期数:

2018年01期

页码:

17-24

栏目:

粮食生产

出版日期:

2018-01-31

文章信息/Info

作者:

张治华

宁夏农林科学院农业经济与信息技术研究所副研究员

关键词:

粮食; 布局; 结构; 调整对策; 宁夏

Keywords:

Grain;  Layout;  Structure;  Adjustment countermeasures;  Ningxia.

文献标志码:

A

摘要:

文章利用统计数据和全国农产品成本收益调查数据，分析研究了2005年以来宁夏水稻、小麦、玉米等主要粮食作物在引黄灌区、中部干旱带和南部山区的布局和品种结构的演变及调整。运用因素分解法，研究了三大区域粮食作物增产的规模效应、结构效应和单产效应。分品种、区域对演变因素进行了分解。探讨了粮食布局、结构演变的原因及后果。针对现状和存在问题，按照市场导向、比较优势等原则，提出了生产布局及结构调整的对策建议。水稻：稳定面积，提高单产、品质和比较效益，走高端精品的路子；小麦：培育良种、提高单产、节本增效，重点恢复和提高引黄灌区小麦的比较优势和比较效益；玉米：短期压缩面积，长期继续保持和提高原有的比较优势和比较效益；区域布局：玉米向中部干旱带和南部山区转移，压缩中部干旱带和南部山区的冬麦面积。

Abstract:

Using the statistics data and the national agricultural products cost and return investigation data, an analysis was made on the evolution and adjustment of the layout and variety structure of rice, wheat, maize and other major food crops, in the Yellow River Irrigation Area, the Central Arid Zone and the Southern Mountainous Area in Ningxia since 2005. The scale effect, structural effect and yield effect of grain crops in the three regions were studied by using factorization method. The factors of evolution were decomposed by different varieties and regions. A discussion was made on the causes and consequences of grain distribution and structure?In view of the present situation and existing problems, on the basis of market orientation principle and comparative advantage principle, the countermeasures and suggestions on the layout and structure adjustment were put forward：Rice: maintain the area, improve yield, quality and comparative benefits, take the road of developing high-end products; Wheat: breed high-quality seed, upgrade yield, save cost and increase efficiency, and focus on the restoration and improvement of the comparative advantage and comparative benefits in the Yellow River irrigation area; Corn: in short-term, decrease the area, in long-term, maintain and improve the original comparative advantage and comparative benefits. Regional layout: In the Central Arid Zone and the Southern Mountainous Area, the area of corn should be increased and the area of winter wheat should be decreased.

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更新日期/Last Update: 2018-02-02